Donkey and Camel
Vehicles are a relatively impractical means of transportation in the Near East, since they require good streets and a not too steep terrain. Therefore donkeys were the most common animal used for transporting goods even over long distances already in the 3rd millennium BCE. Toward the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, the camel was also used as a pack animal. In comparison to a donkey, the camel had the advantage of not needing to drink water for days, and it could move more easily in sandy terrain (e.g. on the Arabian Peninsula).
Donkey: Gen 42:26–27; 43:18, 43:24; 44:3, 44:13; Josh 9:4; 1 Sam 25:18, 25:20, 25:23, 25:42; 2 Sam 16:1–2; 1 Chron 12:40; Neh 13:15; Isa 21:7; 30:6
Camel: Gen 37:25; 2 Kings 8:9; 1 Chron 12:40; Isa 21:7; 30:6
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